Tulu rugs are woven by the Yoruk Nomads, who are the last active nomads of Eastern Anatolia in Turkey, but due to resettlement camps around the towns of Karapinar and Obruk, their nomadic lifestyle is rapidly disappearing.

Flikli, from Central Anatolia Turkey, have long lustrous pile, are very similar in style to some of the earliest know textiles. Fragments of rugs were found during archeological digs in Mesopotamia and also in Egyptian tombs, from the eighteenth dynasty (1540-1295BC) which bear a striking resemblance to Flilikli. They have the same warp construction and type of knotting and use long handspun lustrous wool.

These unusual rugs take their name from the town of Siirt in Eastern Turkey, but were produced in the surrounding regions of northern Iraq and western Iran for over two thousand years. Even though Siirt’s are flat woven textiles they are classified by rug collectors as woven felts. The raising of the nap or pile is called Fulling and is a process where flat weave is subjected to combing the surface with the intention of raising the nap, creating a texture similar to fur or an animal skin.

Zakatals are long pile rugs from eastern Anatolia and are also known as Kurdish Tulus, due to the fact that the Kurdish population of the area produces them.

Their patterns of concentric squares, a classical tribal amulet is believed to allude to the squares of fire in Zoroastrian rituals. They resemble Fliliklis in their construction and the use of loosely spun long yarn but unlike Flilikli, the yarn is pre dyed in a collection of vibrant colors before weaving. They were used as seating mats and the larger ones as sleeping mats.

Julkuyrs from the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan are a unique example of ancient nomadic carpets both in their design and their structure. They were woven on narrow beam looms in narrow strips, which enabled the weaver to roll up unfinished textiles and transport them during their annual migrations. Later 2, 3, 4, or 5 panels would then be sewn together to form the finished carpet.